228 Bird Species Land on the State of the Birds Watch
List
One hundred years after the extinction of the passenger
pigeon, the nation’s top bird science and conservation groups have come
together to publish State of the Birds 2014—the most comprehensive
review of long-term trend data for U.S. birds ever conducted. The results are
mixed. The report finds bird populations declining across several key habitats,
and includes a “watch list” of 228 bird species in need of immediate
conservation help.
The report also reveals, however, that in areas where a
strong conservation investment has been made—wetland birds, for example—bird
populations are recovering.
Key Findings from the Report:
Birds
in aridland habitat show the steepest population declines in the nation. There
has been a 46 percent loss in the population of these birds since 1968. Habitat
loss, hydrological alteration, overgrazing and conversion to agriculture are
the largest threats.
The nation’s grasslands have seen a
decline in breeding birds, like the eastern meadowlark and the bobolink, of
nearly 40 percent since 1968. That decline, however, appears to have leveled
off since 1990—a result, the authors say, of the significant investments made
in grassland bird conservation.
Introduced species have had a
particularly strong impact on native island birds. In Hawaii, introduced
animals such as mongoose, rats, domestic cats, pigs and goats have taken a huge
toll on native species. One third of all of America’s federally endangered
birds are Hawaiian species.
There are some encouraging signs for
many species in grasslands, wetlands and several other key habitats that have
benefited from targeted conservation efforts. In general, development is
squeezing shorebirds and their habitat along the coasts. However, among the 49
coastal species examined, there has been a steady rise in populations of 28
percent since 1968. This may be a reflection of the establishment of 160
national coastal wildlife refuges and nearly 600,000 acres of national seashore
in 10 states.
The creation and preservation of
large swaths of forests through public-private partnerships in the Appalachian
Mountains and the Northwest is believed to have helped declining
forest-dependent species such as the golden-winged warbler and the oak
titmouse. Efforts like this are essential, as forest-dependent birds have
declined nearly 20 percent in the western U.S. and 32 percent in the east since
1968.
State of the Birds Watch List
The State
of the Birds Watch List contains the 230 species most in need of conservation
action. Without conservation action, these are the birds headed the way of the
Passenger Pigeon and other now-extinct American birds, such as the Carolina
Parakeet and Heath Hen. Watch List birds meet criteria for a combination of
high rate of population decline, small population size, small geographic range,
and significant future threats to sustainable populations.
The Watch
List contains species already on the federal Endangered list as well as those
at risk of becoming Threatened or Endangered. While the Endangered Species Act
remains the primary line of defense against extinction, proactive conservation
is the most effective way to keep other Watch List species from needing
Endangered list protection. Most Watch List species fall into seven categories;
addressing issues across landscapes and migratory ranges can efficiently
conserve entire suites of at-risk species.